独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词(作为逻辑主语)加上一个分词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语。这种结构可放在句首、句未或句中,其作用相当于状语从句,多用来表示行为方式或伴随情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。
一,名词/代词+分词
1.He lay on his back,his teeth shut,his right hand clenched on his breast,and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.
(表示方式)他仰卧着,牙关紧闭,右手紧握着拳头放在胸上,怒视着双眼直向上看。
2.The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide,and his right hand raised.(表示伴随情况)男孩转向那个人,眼晴瞪得大大的,举起他的右手说。
3.The job finished(=When the job was finished), We went home straight away.
工作结束后,我们马上回家。
4.Her wallet stolen(=As her wallet stolen),She had no money to buy even a bus ticket.(表示原因)由于她的钱包被窃,她连买一张公共汽车票的钱都没有了。
5.Weather permiting(=If the weather permits),We'll have an outing tomorrow.(表示条件)如果天气允许,我们明天便出去郊游。
上述这种“名词/代词+分词”的独立结构,即是带有自己逻辑(意义)上的主语的分词短语。它与一般的分词短语作状语时的区别主要在于:后者逻辑上的主语同样是句子的主语。例如:
Looking around(=When She looked around),She saw a boy running towards her.她四周看看,看见一个男孩正向她跑来。
二,名词/代词+名词
His book now a bestseller,He felt pleaseD with the world.
(表示原因)现在他的书已成为畅销读物,他感到心情舒畅,万事如意。
三,名词/代词+形容词
Dinner(being) ready ,the hostess asked her
guests to be seated.
(表示时间)饭菜准备好了,女主人就请客人就坐。
四,名词/代词+副词
The meeting (being) over,We left the room.
(表示时间)会议结束了,我们就离开了房间。
五,名词/代词+不定式
The mid-examination is over,the end-of-term examination to come two months later.
(表示伴随情况)期中考试结束了,两个月之后进行期末考试。
六,名词/代词+介词短语
1.l followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.
(表示方式)我跟踪他到了这儿,拿着剑爬了进来。
2.In front of House was a tall tree,its top well above the tops of the other trees.
(对前面名词进行解释)房前有一棵很高的树,树梢比其他的树梢高出很多。
为了便于大家学习和掌握独立主格结构,特提供两首歌诀供参考。
(A)
独立结构要认清,名/代之后副或形;
不定/分词或“介短”,with结构不可轻。
名代二词是其主,句子结构必分明。
(B)
独立结构好掌握,句中作用只一个;
干变万化皆作“状”,其中意义也不多。
时间/条件和原因,方式/伴随没别的。
“状从”和其前三个,可以互变不难学。
Exercise:
用独立主格结构变下列句子为简单句。
If weather permits, We will hold the meeting in the open air.As the river had risen in the night , the crossing was impossible.Since everything is ready , the experiment may start at once.After his homework had been finished , he went to play football.Because It was cold , He put on his overcoat.